A new report from the Public Religion Research Institute examined the U.S. religious landscape, and declared that “the most substantial cultural and political divides are between white Christians and Christians of color.”
“More than four in 10 Americans (44 percent) identify as white Christian, including white evangelical Protestants (14 percent), white mainline Protestants (16 percent) and white Catholics (12 percent), as well as small percentages who identify as Latter-day Saint (Mormon), Jehovah’s Witness and Orthodox Christian,” said the report, “The 2020 Census of American Religion,” released July 8.
“Over the last few decades, the proportion of the U.S. population that is white Christian has declined by nearly one-third. As recently as 1996, almost two-thirds of Americans (65 percent) identified as white and Christian. By 2006, that had declined to 54 percent, and by 2017 it was down to 43 percent,” the report said.
“The proportion of white Christians hit a low point in 2018, at 42 percent, and rebounded slightly in 2019 and 2020, to 44 percent. That tick upward indicates the decline is slowing from its pace of losing roughly 11 percent per decade.”
As for Catholics, according to the report, the number of white Catholics has “also declined from a high point of 16 percent of the population in 2008, and their low point of 11 percent occurred in 2018. It is unclear if the bump back up to 12 percent in 2020 indicates a new trend.”
It added, “The slight increase in white Christians between 2018 and 2020 was driven primarily by an uptick in the proportion of white mainline Protestants and a stabilization in the proportion of white Catholics.”
Hispanic Catholics total 8 percent of Americans, PRRI said, and “other Catholics of color” come in at 2 percent.
But Hispanic Catholics are coming into a numerical ascendancy, the report said. Among Americans ages 18-29, 9 percent are Hispanic Catholics, while 8 percent are white Catholics.
“The proportion of white Catholics dropped from 18 percent in 2013 to 15 percent in 2020,” the report said. “By contrast, the proportion of religiously unaffiliated seniors increased from 11 percent in 2013 to 14 percent in 2020.”
The PRRI report looked at other demographic trends in American religious identity.
The median age of all Americans is 47, but for white Catholics it’s 54 – topped only by white evangelical Protestants at 56. The median age of Hispanic Catholics rose from 39 in 2013 to 42 in 2020.
Forty-two percent of white Catholics held college degrees, but only 15 percent of Hispanic Catholics did – the lowest percentage identified among any religious group in the survey.
Of white Americans, 19 percent are Catholic, and of Black Americans, 7 percent are Catholic, while 11 percent of multiracial Americans identify as Catholic, PRRI said. Fully half of Hispanic Americans are Catholic and 76 percent of Hispanics identify as Christian.
Among Asian-Americans, 34 percent are Christian, with Catholics, evangelical Protestants and mainline Protestants holding equal shares. Another 34 percent are religiously unaffiliated and 29 percent practice non-Christian religions.
As the number of religiously unaffiliated Americans grows, so does their proportion in each of the two major political parties. The share of unaffiliated Americans among Democrats has more than doubled since 2006, from 9 percent to 23 percent. But the hike is even more pronounced among Republicans, where it more than tripled, from 4 percent in 2006 to 13 percent in 2020.
The white Catholic share of each party declined – in the GOP, from 20 percent of the party to 15 percent; among Democrats, from 16 percent to 13 percent.
The Hispanic share in each party increased – from 3 percent to 8 percent in the Republican Party, and from 5 percent to 10 percent in the Democratic Party.
“White Catholics skew slightly toward the Democratic side: 38 percent identify as Democrat, 32 percent identify as Republican and 28 percent identify as independent,” the report said,
PRRI’s report also identified where key religious groups are most likely to be found. “White Catholics are most heavily concentrated in counties in the Northeast and Midwest and in southern Louisiana,” it said.
The 10 highest concentrations of white Catholics in counties with more than 10,000 residents – each from 38 percent to 45 percent of the population – is topped by Dubuque County, Iowa, followed by Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania; Vermilion Parish, Louisiana; Calumet County, Wisconsin; Clinton County, New York; St. Martin Parish, Louisiana; Bristol County, Massachusetts; Lafourche Parish, Louisiana; Stearns County, Minnesota; and Gloucester County, New Jersey.
“Hispanic Catholics primarily live in the Southwest and the West, particularly along the border between Texas and Mexico and in California,” the report said. It identified nine counties of 10,000 or more residents where Hispanic Catholics are at least half of the population: Zapata County, Texas; Starr County, Texas; Webb County, Texas; Maverick County, Texas; Santa Cruz County, Arizona; Zavala County, Texas; Duval County, Texas; Cameron County, Texas; and Imperial County, California.
While 33 percent of white Catholics live in urban areas, 48 percent live in suburban areas and 19 percent live in rural areas, 46 percent of Hispanic Catholics live in urban centers, 43 percent in suburban areas and only 10 percent in rural areas.
The census is based on interviews with over 500,000 respondents conducted between 2013 and 2020.
“It provides the most detailed estimates of American religious affiliation since the U.S. Census Bureau last collected religious data in 1957,” according to a PRRI news release.
